Peiess



ERASIUSAIQ.l BIGELOW, OFLANCASTERA MSSACHUSETTS- i SpecificationoflIiettersPatent No.- 2,639,1datedMay 26, 1842;Antedatdi1VIa`y 1, 1842.'

Tocczll'whomz't may concerns Beit knownrthat I, EirAsTUsB. BIGELOW,` of'J4 Lancaster, in the county of VVorce'ster and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain improvements inthe manner' of' constructing looms for. `the Weaving. of carpets,

and; of* other 'similarly `Wrought' fabrics and;

Il dohereby declare that the followingfisa full and' exact" description thereof."

These improvements consist n'a'ainlyL in the following particulars: First, in the mode'l of,. lor apparatus for, `deliveringl out the chainl or Warp, and" of taking up.' the finished4 cloth, Which" are effected in such a manner as to cause a given. number of threads'of theivoof or'filling" to form aV givenzlength.of'cloth, and insure'the accurate inatchingof the figure or' pattern; secondly, inl anew and improved apparatus for givinga uniform tension to eachthreadl ofiillingor` Woof, forth'e purpose offprodueing a smooth; faceon the cloth, and a" distinct outline tothe gure;'thirdly, in a new` mode of" arranging and f applying 'the apparatus fori' throwing'- the' loom out ofr gear when the filling orvvoofbreaks or'is exhausted on thebobbinin the shuttle.,

Inthe accompanyingdrajvings, Figure l, is a perspective View" of the loom.` FigpQ,

is an endfvietv thereof, with certain-parts detachedto show more clearly the apparatus for dliveringLoutthe chain or Warp and' offtakingup the finished cloth. Fig. 3, is a front'viewv'ofthe racelbeam of the lathe, and the apparatusused to give tension tothe Wooft or` filling; thereof. Fig;A 5, is an end View ofthe same, shovvnin the relative position uit sustains in the loom to that parto'f the main frame,

*which is shown in Fig. G. Fig.v 7 is a view ofthe rotating shaft, on which the `bayonet ofthe protectingrod acts to throw the loom` out ofr'gear These improvements maybe applied, and

lliintendto apply' them to various kinds of looms in `which the mode of' gearing, mount ing,u and throwing the shuttles may be varied according'to the kindof goods to be Wrought@ They are representedin the accompanying drawings as applied'tov looms in-wliich. the mode of gearingand `of stop ping theloom are similar to those described in: the specification ofA my' patents for an' improved Imode of gearing,"`and of stopping` the-loom, &c., dated "onth'e lst'day ofMay Fictie is a to) viewA 1842; andthe mode of mounting'the loom t-he same as that described'infthe specifica# tion of my patent for improvements in looms for Weaving carpets and other simi larly` Wrought fabrics, dated also the 1stj day oflMay 1842-; and the mode offvvorkingi the shuttle boXesa-nd'shuttles, the same as that described in the specification of my pat-- ent for improvements injlooms for WeavingA counterpanes, Sac., dated April' 24, 1840.

By a reference to the specifications of the several patents referred to the respective parts of the loom aforesaid Will be foundr described f in detail.` Therefore 'it' is not necessaryi to4 repeat a description of them in this specification. A

I! Will' now prorceed toA describe the im- Iprovements, which are, first, the apparatus Ifor deliveringout the chain or Warp, and ,oftak'ing up the inishedcloth, which are effected in such `amanner as to cause a given .number of'l threads i of vvoof`v or filling, to-

i loom; B, the floor of! the mill uponivhich it`rests. A C, is one ofit-he swords to the lathe Which'lis made toI give motionto the ma'- chineryA` employed to-deliver out the chain or Warp., and take up the cloth. D,.isthe yarn beam, the a-Xis of which turn in the hangers E, which are boltedto the floor 13. F, isa cogged wheel aflixed to they yarn beamy D," and' actuated by the endless screw or Worin The Worm G, is aiXedito a ,vertical-shaft'H, Which'turns in suitable bearings,`andfhas the contra-te ratchetuvheell,` affixed'to its upper end.i J, is a vibrating lever, which' vibrates on the upper-endi-of` t-he vertical ShaftjpH, as its-fulcrurn. On one end of the vibrating lever J" the pawl or` click= K plies, which' pawl actuates the contrate ratchetwheel I; to the other endof saidV vibrating lever a bar L, is attached, `which connects `it With-the slidingbar MJ The sliding bar M, slides in the stands N, N, which are bolted to the frame Al O, isa studfor arm affixed to the slidingfbar Mi; and'to the endoff O, which projects out` `Ward from the loom, one end'of'the rod 1),".

is attached, the other end'of saidrodbeing made hookedand playing ina groove` in the stud Q.; projecting from the sword C. The sliding bar is `encircled Iby the spiralspring R, `one end of which rests against onel of the stands N, N', `and the other end against the stud or arm O. When the sword. ofthe lathe C,v moves forward to 5 beat up the cloth, the rod P, draws the sliding bar M forward and when the lathe recedes from the face of the cloth, the spring R, forces the sliding bar M back until the arm @strikes against the stand N", which determines the degree of motion given to the sliding bar M. The bar S connects the sliding bar M, torone .end of the vibrating leverT, which turnsronrthe upper endof the vertical shaft U, as its fulcrum. On the other end of said vibrating lever T, the -v click V plies, which actuates a contrate ratchet wheel W, affixed to the shaft U. To the lower end of the shaft U, the endless s'crew or worm X, is aixed, which actuates the'cogged wheel Y afiixed to the axis of y thecloth roller Z. The cloth roller Z, is supported by the hangers a, which are bolted to the floor of the mill B.

vibrating or tension roller Z), is allowed 2,5.4 tovibrate up and down in suitable guides on l' the inside of the frame A. c, is a hook hanging .on a groove in the end of the vibrating` or tension roller Z), there being a similar e hook at its opposite end. The lower ends of the hooks c, c, are connected to a spring CZ, and ,adjusted by the means of nuts and screws to increase or diminish the action of the spring cZ, on the vibrating or tension roller Z), according to the tension required to be given to the warp. The lever c, which is represented in the drawings by dotted lines, is a regulating lever, and it turns on a fulcrum One end of the regulating lever c, is connected to the click K by the cord or 40, wire g, and the other end is connected to the vibrating or tension roller by the bar, L. When the vibrating or tension roller Z9, is depressed to a certain-position, it raises the click K, through the intermedium of the bar L, the regulating lever c, and the cord g, and cuts off its action on the contrate ratchet wheel I; andwhen said vibrating or tension roller is raised, the click K is depressed to renew its action on the ratchet I. The roller z', which is shown in part by the dotted lines in the drawing, is called the measuring roller; it extends across the loom and turns in suitable bearings in the frame A, A. To the axis of the measuring roller z', the wheel affixed, which has wire pins 7c, Zt', rising perpendicularly from its face. rlhe wire pins la, 7c, are about iof an inch in length, and are placed at a greater or less distance apart, acco-rding to the greater or less diamw eter of the measuring roller z', or the number 0f threads of woof or filling required to be put in an inch of the cloth. A second regnlating level Z, Z, which is shown inpart by dot-- ted lines in the drawings, has a slot through it in which a stud plies, which projects inward from the stand m, said stud supporting the lower end of saidv second regulating lever in such a. manner as to allow it to vibrate thereon, and at the same time have a reciprocating motion endwise. The long arm of the regulating lever Z, is guided by the stand a, shown in the drawings by dotted lines, and is connected to the click V by the cord 0,' 79, lis a spiralspring encircling the lever Z, one end of which spring rests vagainst the stud lprojecting from the stand m, and the other end against a pin in'the lever YZ.V g, is a stud Yextending from the cam r, on the main shaft s, of the loom. And as said shaft s, revolves, the stud g acts on the beveled part of the lower end of the regulating lever'Z, and forces it back; and when said stud relieves its act-ion on said le' ver, the spiral spring j), forces it forward again until the end of the slot strikes against the stud projecting from the stand m, which limits its motion.

The yarn passes from the, yarn beam D, up over the top back girth, through the harness and reed, over the roller t, thence down under the vibrating or tension roller Z9, up over the regulating roller 71, thence down, and is wound up'on the cloth roller e, shown by the red lines. The operation of this apparatus is such as to cause the cloth roller e, to wind up a given length of cloth, every given number of threads of woof or filling introduced, and to cause the yarn beam D to deliver out a suflicient length of warp to form the cloth taken up by said cloth roller z.

The operation of the machinery for taking up the cloth is as follows: Vhen the lathe vvibrates to beat up the cloth, the click V,

acts on the contrate ratchet wheel lV, and turns the cloth roller e. But as the cloth roller z, is increased in diameter by every layer of cloth wound on it, it is evident that there will be no regularity in the quantity Y of cloth takenup without regulating the action of the click V, on the ratchet wheel W. This is effected as follows: The cloth, as it is taken up by thecloth roller e, turns the measuring roller z', and causes one of the pins 7c, Z0, to raise the long arm of the regulating lever Z, which by means of the cord or wire 0 raises the click V, and cuts off its action on the ratchet wheel W, and leaves the cloth roller 3, at rest until the stud f7 draws back the lever Z, from its action on the pins 7c, 7c, and allows the long arm of said lever Z, to fall down until it is arrested by the guide n, in a position to enter the next space between the. pins 7c, 7c, and cause the click V, to renew its action on the ratchet W.

Supposeit be required to weave cloth with twenty four picks to the inch, and that the stud g, acts on the lever Z, every fourth thread of woof or vfilling introduced; and suppose the circumference of the measuring iso roller z', to be four inches, the number of the pinsl 7c, la, in the wheel j, should `be thirty. The relative proportion of the cloth roller cogged wheel y, and cont-rate ratchet wheel W', should be such as to take up about one fourth more cloth than is produced by the ope-ration of the loom, provided the click V, acted on the ratchet W, continually.

The mode of regulating the delivery of the warps from the yarn beam D, is as follows: Suppose the vibrating or tension roller b, depressed to the position to raise the click K, and cut oft its action on the contrate ratchet wheel I, so as to leave the yarn beam D, at rest. Now as the cloth is taken up` by the cloth roller e, the vibrating or tension roller will be raised and thereby bring the click K to renew its action on the ratchet I, and deliver out a new portion of warp, and in case too much warp is being delivered out, the tension roller b, sinks and raises the click K as befo-re.

Jalthough in lthe above description of the measuring roller z', and its appendages, it has been spoken of, and represented in the drawings, as employed to regulate the action of the machinery employed to take up the cloth, it is not intended to confine the use of it to this purpose alone, as it will answer equally well, and I intend to apply it, to regulate the action of the machinery employed to turnthe yarn beam, and to deliver out the chain of warp.

The second improvementto be described is, the mode of giving a uniform tension to each thread ofiwoof or filling for the purpose of producing a smooth face to the cloth and a distinctoutline to the figure. This, and the third improvements are principally represented in the perspective view Fig. l, and in those of the details, from Figs. 3 to 7, the same letters of reference designating corresponding parts in each of these figures.

a is the race beam to the lathe. b', b', are standards, one end of each of which is embedded into and screwed to the top side of the race beam ci', and the other ends project backward from the race beam a', as seen in Figs. t and 5. From the upper sid-e of the standard ZJ', the projectionsl c', and rl', extend; e' and f are bars whichslide horizontally through the projections c' and ci", the under sides` of the front ends of which are made to run close to the top sides of the standards g' and z' are spiral qsprings which encircle the bars e' and f', one end of each of which springs rests against the projections CZ', d', and the other ends against the studs or pins i' and j'. 71:', is a shaft which has a vibrating motion in the standards Z', Z', which are screwed to the back side of the race beam ct'. m' m' are arms which extend from the upper side of the shaft 7c', and have slots in their upper ends which ply on the inner ends of the studs n', is in arm which extends backward from the shaft 7c', and has a stud projecting from its outer end on which the roller o' revolves. p' is standard or cam bolted' to the end frame of the loom, as shown in Fig. 6. W'hen the lathe falls backward to allow the shuttle to pass, the roller 0 strikes against the under side of the cam p', and turns the shaft la a short distance on its axis., and the shaft 7u' through the medium of the arms m', m', acting on their respective studs j', j', forces back the bars f', f'. lVhen the bars f', f', are moved as aforesaid, the studs j', j', strike against their respective studs t", and force back the bars c c' atl the same time. Now when the lathe is moved forward to beat up the cloth, and the roller o', leaves the standard or cam p', the spiral springs g', g' and 7i.' 71, again force their respective bars e' and 7"' forward.

Having described the movement of the bars e' e' and f' f', I will now proceed to describe the apparatus which cooperates wit-h them, and the manner in which they act on the woof or filling to produce the desired effect.

q' q are flat bars or pieces of iron having a notch or slot in their upper ends, and otherwise shaped as shown in Fig. These bars g' q' are made to slide up and down freely in mortises made in the race beam a', as represented in Fig. de. r', r', are levers which vibrate in the fulcrum stands s', s', which are'screwed to the under side of the race beam a'. The outer ends of the levers r r' are jointed to the lower ends. of their respective bars g q', so that, when said levers are vibrated, they cause the bars g' Q' to move up and down. t are springs, one end of each of which is screwed to the under side of the race beam a' and the other acts j on the inner arms of its respective lever r',

in such a manner as to raise the bar g' Q'. fu.' u are arms which extend forward from the shaft le', `and whenthe shaft 1c' is turned by the action of the roller 0' on `the cam 79', as aforesaid, the arms u' u act `on the inner arms of their respective levers r' r', and depress the bars q' g'.

The operation of this apparatus, and its action on the filling or woof are as follows: Suppose the loom to be in that stage of its operation in which the lathe is receding from the face of the cloth, and the shuttle about to be thrown; the roller o' strikes against. the under side of the cam p', and through the medium of the arm n' causes the shaft le' to turn a suitable distance, which shaft l1',

The motion of the shaft simultaneously with the action on the bars e e and f f as aforesaid, also acts, through the medium of the arms a, a, and levers r r on their respective bars Q g, and depresses them until their upper ends are on, or below, a level with the top side of the race beam a. This position of the apparatus allows the shuttle to pass unobstructed, and while the appartus is in this position the shuttle is thrown across the loom, and the thread of filling or woof which said shuttle carries, lies between the reed and the bars g Q. Now as the lathe moves forward to beat up the cloth, the roller 0 leaves the cam p which allows the spring t t to raise the bars g g, and the spiral springs g g and 7L 7L to force forward their respective bars e e and f fv'; and as thebars e c and f f move forward, the forward ends thereof carry the thread of filling or woof along with them until the bars e c strike against the side of their respective bars Q Q, and hold the filling as between the jaws of a pair of pliers, and while the thread is thus secured and prevented from drawing out from the shuttle, the bars f 'f enter the notches or slots in the upper ends of the bars g g, as shown in Fig. t, and give a tension to the filling in proportion to the force of the springs /L L, which may be adjusted so -as to give the proper tension required. Then as the lathe recedes from the faceof the cloth, the roller 0 acts on the cam p, and puts the apparatus in the position to allow the shuttles to pass as before.

The third improvement to be described is, the mode .of applying the apparatus for throwing the loom out of gear when the filling or woof breaks or is exhausted on the bobbin in the shut-t-le.

fv, is the protecting rod, to which the bayonet w is aiiixed. The protecting rod fu is attached to the lathe, and the bayonet fw acts on the rotating shaft ai (see Fig. 7 y,) and throws the loom out of gear in the same manner as described'in the specification of my patents for an impro-ved mode of gearing and of stopping the loom, dac., dated on the first. day of May in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty two. y is a vibrating lever which vibrates loosely on the protecting ro-d o. The straight arm of the vibrating lever 7/ is made a little heavier thanthe bent arm, so that when left to itself, the straight arm descends until the bent arm strikes against the under side of the race beam a which arrests it in a position to sass freely by the rotating shaft a" without acting upon it. But when the bent arm of the vibrating lever g/ is depressed, it raises the straight arm to a position to act on the rotating shaft a and throw the loom out of gear, in the same manner as the bayonet w does when the shuttle fails to enter the box.

e is an arm which extends forward from the shaft 7c and passes over the bent end of the vibrating lever c and acts thereon when the woof or filling breaks or is exlia-usted on the bobbin.

The operation of this apparatus is as follows: lVhen the bars e e grasp the thread of woof or filling and the bars f 7 enter the slots in the bars g g to give tension to the woof or filling, as above described, the bars f f are prevented from moving forward beyond a certain distance by the woof or filling. lVhen said woof or filling is working in a proper manner, and no action is produced by the arm a on the lever y; but when the filling breaks, or is exhausted on the bobbin, or is too slack, the bars f f, by the action of t-he spiral springs 7L t, pass unobstructed through the slots in the bars g g, and thereby turn the shaft lo a sufiicient distance to cause the arm a to raise the straight arm of the vibrating lever y to the proper position to act on the rotating shaft ze and throw the loom out of gear.

M0cZf0at0ns.-First-, the measuring' roller i, is represented in the drawings, and is described, as being applied to the cloth on the front side of the loom; but it may also be applied to the chain o-r warp on the back side of the loom, and regulate the action of the apparatus employed to deliver out the chain or warp. Second, instead of grasping the filling or woof between the bars e e and the bars Q g and straining or giving tension to it, by the bars f f, as above described, an instrument similar to a pair of pliers may be substituted, which shall grasp the filling between its jaws, and by alateral movement outward from the selvage of the cloth give the required tension. The lateral movement outward of said pliers should be given by a spring or weight, which spring or weight should exert a force equal to the tension required to be given to the woof or filling. rlhere are various other modes of arranging the apparatus to grasp the woof or filling between the selvage of the cloth and the shuttle, and to give to it the required tension, by means similar, or equivalent to those above described, producing the same effect by means substantially the same.

Having thus fully described my improvements in the manner of constructing the loom for weaving carpets, and other fabrics of a similar character, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters l)atent is as follows:

l. 1 claim the application of the measuring roller z', to the cloth or yarn, for the purpose of regulating theaction of the inacliinery employed to deliver out the chain or warp, or to take up the finished cloth in the manner above described, or under such modiiications thereof, as shall produce the saine end by similar means.

2. I claim the Combination formed by the tension roller b, and the measuring roller z', Cooperating together in the manner and Jfor the purpose herein set forth.

3. I claim the mode of givin@ an uniform tension to each thread of Woei: or filling as above described; that is to say, I claim the grasping of the thread of Woof or filling, at a point bet-Ween the shuttle and selvage of the Cloth7 by the bars e e and Q g', or by a pair of pliers operating in a similar manner as set forth, together With the mode of giving tension to the filling as above set Jforth2 sion to the Woof or filling, for the purpose ofV throwing the loom out of gear when the Woof or filling breaks, or 1s exhausted on the bobbin.

ERASTUS B. BIGELOW. Vitnesses:

EBENEZER RHoADEs, BENJN. H. RHoADEs. 

